Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Category	Wind Speed	Storm Surge
	mph	ft
5	≥157	>18
4	130–156	13–18
3	111–129	9–12
2	96–110	6–8
1	74–95	4–5
Additional Classifications
Tropical Storm	39–73	0–3
Tropical Depression	0–38	0

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of "tropical depressions" and "tropical storms", and thereby become hurricanes. Source: Intellicast

Hurricane Season 101

The official Atlantic Basin Hurricane Season runs from June 1st to November 30th. A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low pressure system without any “front” attached. It develops over tropical or subtropical waters, and has an organized circulation. Depending upon location, tropical cyclones have different names around the world. The Tropical Cyclones we track in the Atlantic basin are called Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms and Hurricanes! Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones are classified as follows: Tropical Depression: Organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with defined surface circulation and max sustained winds of 38 mph or less. Tropical Storm: Organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph. Hurricane: Intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation. A Hurricane has max sustained winds of 74 mph or higher!

The difference between Tropical Storm and Hurricane Watches, Warnings, Advisories and Outlooks

Warnings:Listen closely to instructions from local officials on TV, radio, cell phones or other computers for instructions from local officials.Evacuate immediately if told to do so.

Storm Surge Warning: There is a danger of life-threatening inundation from rising water moving inland from the shoreline somewhere within the specified area. This is generally within 36 hours. If you are under a storm surge warning, check for evacuation orders from your local officials.
Hurricane Warning: Hurricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or greater) are expected somewhere within the specified area. NHC issues a hurricane warning 36 hours in advance of tropical storm-force winds to give you time to complete your preparations. All preparations should be complete. Evacuate immediately if so ordered.
Tropical Storm Warning: Tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph) are expected within your area within 36 hours.
Extreme Wind Warning: Extreme sustained winds of a major hurricane (115 mph or greater), usually associated with the eyewall, are expected to begin within an hour. Take immediate shelter in the interior portion of a well-built structure.

Please note that hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings for winds on land as well as storm surge watches and warnings can be issued for storms that the NWS believes will become tropical cyclones but have not yet attained all of the characteristics of a tropical cyclone (i.e., a closed low-level circulation, sustained thunderstorm activity, etc.). In these cases, the forecast conditions on land warrant alerting the public. These storms are referred to as “potential tropical cyclones” by the NWS. Hurricane, tropical storm, and storm surge watches and warnings can also be issued for storms that have lost some or all of their tropical cyclone characteristics, but continue to produce dangerous conditions. These storms are called “post-tropical cyclones” by the NWS. Watches: Listen closely to instructions from local officials on TV, radio, cell phones or other computers for instructions from local officials. Evacuate if told to do so.

Storm Surge Watch: Storm here is a possibility of life-threatening inundation from rising water moving inland from the shoreline somewhere within the specified area, generally within 48 hours. If you are under a storm surge watch, check for evacuation orders from your local officials.
Hurricane Watch: Huriricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or greater) are possible within your area. Because it may not be safe to prepare for a hurricane once winds reach tropical storm force, The NHC issues hurricane watches 48 hours before it anticipates tropical storm-force winds.
Tropical Storm Watch: Tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph) are possible within the specified area within 48 hours.

Advisories:

Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory:The Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory contains a list of all current coastal watches and warnings associated with an ongoing or potential tropical cyclone, a post-tropical cyclone, or a subtropical cyclone. It also provides the cyclone position, maximum sustained winds, current motion, and a description of the hazards associated with the storm.
Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Cone:This graphic shows areas under tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings, the current position of the center of the storm, and its predicted track. Forecast uncertainty is conveyed on the graphic by a “cone” (white and stippled areas) drawn such that the center of the storm will remain within the cone about 60 to 70 percent of the time. Remember, the effects of a tropical cyclone can span hundreds of miles. Areas well outside of the cone often experience hazards such as tornadoes or inland flooding from heavy rain.

Outlooks:

Tropical Weather Outlook:The Tropical Weather Outlook is a discussion of significant areas of disturbed weather and their potential for development during the next 5 days. The Outlook includes a categorical forecast of the probability of tropical cyclone formation during the first 48 hours and during the entire 5-day forecast period. You can also find graphical versions of the 2-day and 5-day Outlook here

Be sure to read up on tons of more information on Hurricane knowledge, preparedness, statistics and history under the menu on the left hand side of the page! Here are your 2020 Hurricane Season Names: Arthur, Bertha, Cristobal, Dolly, Edouard, Fay, Gonzalo, Hanna, Isaias, Josephine ,Kyle, Laura, Marco, Nana, Omar, Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy, Vicky and Wilfred!!!

Odette – 2021 Atlantic Hurricane Season

NHC Public Advisory on Odette

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 08:34:21 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Advisory Number 28 - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Advisory Number 28

000
WTNT35 KNHC 220834
TCPAT5

BULLETIN
Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Advisory Number 28
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL152023
900 AM GMT Fri Sep 22 2023

...NIGEL BECOMES EXTRATROPICAL...
...THIS IS THE LAST ADVISORY ON THIS SYSTEM...

SUMMARY OF 900 AM GMT...0900 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...46.3N 32.6W
ABOUT 640 MI...1030 KM NNW OF THE AZORES
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...70 MPH...110 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NE OR 55 DEGREES AT 37 MPH...59 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...976 MB...28.82 INCHES

WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.

DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 900 AM GMT (0900 UTC), the center of Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel
was located near latitude 46.3 North, longitude 32.6 West. The
post-tropical cyclone is moving toward the northeast near 37 mph (59
km/h), and this general motion is expected to continue for the next
day or so. A slower northward or north-northwestward motion is
expected this weekend.

Maximum sustained winds are near 70 mph (110 km/h) with higher
gusts. Gradual weakening is forecast during the next couple of
days

Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 230 miles (370 km)
from the center.

The estimated minimum central pressure is 976 mb (28.82 inches).

HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
None.

NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
This is the last public advisory issued by the National Hurricane
Center on this system.

$$
Forecaster Kelly

NHC Forecast Advisory on Odette

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 08:33:53 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone NIGEL Forecast/Advi... - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone NIGEL Forecast/Advisory Number 28 NWS NATIONAL Hurricane CENTER MIAMI FL AL152023 0900 UTC FRI SEP 22 2023 NOTICE... LAND-BASED TROPICAL Cyclone WATCHES AND WARNINGS ARE NO LONGER INCLUDED IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST/Advisory...(TCM). CURRENT LAND-BASED COASTAL WATCHES AND WARNINGS CAN BE FOUND IN THE MOST RECENTLY ISSUED TROPICAL CYCLONE PUBLIC ADVISORY...(TCP). POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE CENTER LOCATED NEAR 46.3N 32.6W AT 22/0900Z POSITION ACCURATE WITHIN 25 NM PRESENT MOVEMENT TOWARD THE NORTHEAST OR 55 DEGREES AT 32 KT ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE 976 MB MAX SUSTAINED WINDS 60 KT WITH GUSTS TO 75 KT. 50 KT....... 90NE 110SE 80SW 60NW. 34 KT.......180NE 200SE 190SW 110NW. 12 FT SEAS..200NE 300SE 480SW 480NW. WINDS AND SEAS VARY GREATLY IN EACH QUADRANT. RADII IN NAUTICAL MILES ARE THE LARGEST RADII EXPECTED ANYWHERE IN THAT QUADRANT. REPEAT...CENTER LOCATED NEAR 46.3N 32.6W AT 22/0900Z AT 22/0600Z CENTER WAS LOCATED NEAR 45.4N 34.3W FORECAST VALID 22/1800Z 48.8N 27.2W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT. 50 KT... 80NE 100SE 70SW 50NW. 34 KT...180NE 240SE 200SW 110NW. FORECAST VALID 23/0600Z 53.0N 23.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT. 50 KT... 80NE 90SE 70SW 50NW. 34 KT...210NE 260SE 200SW 110NW. FORECAST VALID 23/1800Z 56.4N 23.3W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT. 50 KT... 70NE 70SE 50SW 50NW. 34 KT...270NE 300SE 200SW 160NW. FORECAST VALID 24/0600Z...DISSIPATED REQUEST FOR 3 HOURLY SHIP REPORTS WITHIN 300 MILES OF 46.3N 32.6W THIS IS THE LAST FORECAST/ADVISORY ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER ON THIS SYSTEM $$ FORECASTER KELLY

147
WTNT25 KNHC 220833
TCMAT5

POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE NIGEL FORECAST/ADVISORY NUMBER 28
NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL152023
0900 UTC FRI SEP 22 2023

NOTICE... LAND-BASED TROPICAL CYCLONE WATCHES AND WARNINGS ARE NO
LONGER INCLUDED IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST/ADVISORY...(TCM).
CURRENT LAND-BASED COASTAL WATCHES AND WARNINGS CAN BE FOUND IN THE
MOST RECENTLY ISSUED TROPICAL CYCLONE PUBLIC ADVISORY...(TCP).

POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE CENTER LOCATED NEAR 46.3N 32.6W AT 22/0900Z
POSITION ACCURATE WITHIN 25 NM

PRESENT MOVEMENT TOWARD THE NORTHEAST OR 55 DEGREES AT 32 KT

ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE 976 MB
MAX SUSTAINED WINDS 60 KT WITH GUSTS TO 75 KT.
50 KT....... 90NE 110SE 80SW 60NW.
34 KT.......180NE 200SE 190SW 110NW.
12 FT SEAS..200NE 300SE 480SW 480NW.
WINDS AND SEAS VARY GREATLY IN EACH QUADRANT. RADII IN NAUTICAL
MILES ARE THE LARGEST RADII EXPECTED ANYWHERE IN THAT QUADRANT.

REPEAT...CENTER LOCATED NEAR 46.3N 32.6W AT 22/0900Z
AT 22/0600Z CENTER WAS LOCATED NEAR 45.4N 34.3W

FORECAST VALID 22/1800Z 48.8N 27.2W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT.
50 KT... 80NE 100SE 70SW 50NW.
34 KT...180NE 240SE 200SW 110NW.

FORECAST VALID 23/0600Z 53.0N 23.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT.
50 KT... 80NE 90SE 70SW 50NW.
34 KT...210NE 260SE 200SW 110NW.

FORECAST VALID 23/1800Z 56.4N 23.3W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT.
50 KT... 70NE 70SE 50SW 50NW.
34 KT...270NE 300SE 200SW 160NW.

FORECAST VALID 24/0600Z...DISSIPATED

REQUEST FOR 3 HOURLY SHIP REPORTS WITHIN 300 MILES OF 46.3N 32.6W

THIS IS THE LAST FORECAST/ADVISORY ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE
CENTER ON THIS SYSTEM

$$
FORECASTER KELLY

NHC Discussion on Odette

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 08:34:51 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Discussion Number 28 - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Discussion Number 28

000
WTNT45 KNHC 220834
TCDAT5

Post-Tropical Cyclone Nigel Discussion Number 28
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL152023
900 AM GMT Fri Sep 22 2023

Nigel has completed its transition to an extra-tropical cyclone this
morning. Convection from earlier has waned, and is well displaced
from the exposed low-level center. Based on a blend of an earlier
partial ASCAT pass and subjective Dvorak satellite intensity
estimates, the initial intensity is lowered to 60 kt for this
advisory.

The system is encountering very strong vertical wind shear and ocean
temperatures below 20 degrees Celsius. The system is forecast to
continue to gradually weaken over the next couple of days. However,
the system will remain a strong extra-tropical cyclone with an
expanding wind field. The NHC intensity forecast is similar to the
previous advisory and lies near the model consensus.

Nigel continues to race northeastward at 32 kt. A northeastward
motion is forecast to continue the next day or so, as it remains in
the flow along the southern edge of a deep mid-latitude trough.
Afterwards, Nigel should rotate around the eastern side of a large
extratropical cyclone over the North Atlantic, with the two
extratropical systems merging in about 48 h. The model guidance
remains in fairly good agreement, and the NHC forecast lies in the
center of the guidance envelope.

FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS

INIT 22/0900Z 46.3N 32.6W 60 KT 70 MPH...POST-TROPICAL
12H 22/1800Z 48.8N 27.2W 50 KT 60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
24H 23/0600Z 53.0N 23.0W 50 KT 60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
36H 23/1800Z 56.4N 23.3W 50 KT 60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
48H 24/0600Z...DISSIPATED

$$
Forecaster Kelly

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