Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Category	Wind Speed	Storm Surge
	mph	ft
5	≥157	>18
4	130–156	13–18
3	111–129	9–12
2	96–110	6–8
1	74–95	4–5
Additional Classifications
Tropical Storm	39–73	0–3
Tropical Depression	0–38	0

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a classification used for most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of "tropical depressions" and "tropical storms", and thereby become hurricanes. Source: Intellicast

Hurricane Season 101

The official Atlantic Basin Hurricane Season runs from June 1st to November 30th. A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, low pressure system without any “front” attached. It develops over tropical or subtropical waters, and has an organized circulation. Depending upon location, tropical cyclones have different names around the world. The Tropical Cyclones we track in the Atlantic basin are called Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms and Hurricanes! Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones are classified as follows: Tropical Depression: Organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with defined surface circulation and max sustained winds of 38 mph or less. Tropical Storm: Organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph. Hurricane: Intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation. A Hurricane has max sustained winds of 74 mph or higher!

The difference between Tropical Storm and Hurricane Watches, Warnings, Advisories and Outlooks

Warnings:Listen closely to instructions from local officials on TV, radio, cell phones or other computers for instructions from local officials.Evacuate immediately if told to do so.

Storm Surge Warning: There is a danger of life-threatening inundation from rising water moving inland from the shoreline somewhere within the specified area. This is generally within 36 hours. If you are under a storm surge warning, check for evacuation orders from your local officials.
Hurricane Warning: Hurricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or greater) are expected somewhere within the specified area. NHC issues a hurricane warning 36 hours in advance of tropical storm-force winds to give you time to complete your preparations. All preparations should be complete. Evacuate immediately if so ordered.
Tropical Storm Warning: Tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph) are expected within your area within 36 hours.
Extreme Wind Warning: Extreme sustained winds of a major hurricane (115 mph or greater), usually associated with the eyewall, are expected to begin within an hour. Take immediate shelter in the interior portion of a well-built structure.

Please note that hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings for winds on land as well as storm surge watches and warnings can be issued for storms that the NWS believes will become tropical cyclones but have not yet attained all of the characteristics of a tropical cyclone (i.e., a closed low-level circulation, sustained thunderstorm activity, etc.). In these cases, the forecast conditions on land warrant alerting the public. These storms are referred to as “potential tropical cyclones” by the NWS. Hurricane, tropical storm, and storm surge watches and warnings can also be issued for storms that have lost some or all of their tropical cyclone characteristics, but continue to produce dangerous conditions. These storms are called “post-tropical cyclones” by the NWS. Watches: Listen closely to instructions from local officials on TV, radio, cell phones or other computers for instructions from local officials. Evacuate if told to do so.

Storm Surge Watch: Storm here is a possibility of life-threatening inundation from rising water moving inland from the shoreline somewhere within the specified area, generally within 48 hours. If you are under a storm surge watch, check for evacuation orders from your local officials.
Hurricane Watch: Huriricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or greater) are possible within your area. Because it may not be safe to prepare for a hurricane once winds reach tropical storm force, The NHC issues hurricane watches 48 hours before it anticipates tropical storm-force winds.
Tropical Storm Watch: Tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph) are possible within the specified area within 48 hours.

Advisories:

Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory:The Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory contains a list of all current coastal watches and warnings associated with an ongoing or potential tropical cyclone, a post-tropical cyclone, or a subtropical cyclone. It also provides the cyclone position, maximum sustained winds, current motion, and a description of the hazards associated with the storm.
Tropical Cyclone Track Forecast Cone:This graphic shows areas under tropical storm and hurricane watches and warnings, the current position of the center of the storm, and its predicted track. Forecast uncertainty is conveyed on the graphic by a “cone” (white and stippled areas) drawn such that the center of the storm will remain within the cone about 60 to 70 percent of the time. Remember, the effects of a tropical cyclone can span hundreds of miles. Areas well outside of the cone often experience hazards such as tornadoes or inland flooding from heavy rain.

Outlooks:

Tropical Weather Outlook:The Tropical Weather Outlook is a discussion of significant areas of disturbed weather and their potential for development during the next 5 days. The Outlook includes a categorical forecast of the probability of tropical cyclone formation during the first 48 hours and during the entire 5-day forecast period. You can also find graphical versions of the 2-day and 5-day Outlook here

Be sure to read up on tons of more information on Hurricane knowledge, preparedness, statistics and history under the menu on the left hand side of the page! Here are your 2020 Hurricane Season Names: Arthur, Bertha, Cristobal, Dolly, Edouard, Fay, Gonzalo, Hanna, Isaias, Josephine ,Kyle, Laura, Marco, Nana, Omar, Paulette, Rene, Sally, Teddy, Vicky and Wilfred!!!

Post-Tropical Storm Alex – 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season

NHC Public Advisory on Alex

Thu, 03 Nov 2022 20:32:56 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Advisory Number 10 - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Advisory Number 10

000
WTNT31 KNHC 032032
TCPAT1

BULLETIN
Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Advisory Number 10
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL162022
900 PM GMT Thu Nov 03 2022

...POST-TROPICAL MARTIN CAUSING STRONG WINDS AND HAZARDOUS SEAS
ACROSS A LARGE PORTION OF THE CENTRAL NORTH ATLANTIC...

SUMMARY OF 900 PM GMT...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...50.5N 34.5W
ABOUT 940 MI...1510 KM NNW OF THE AZORES
ABOUT 885 MI...1425 KM ENE OF CAPE RACE NEWFOUNDLAND
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...80 MPH...130 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NNE OR 20 DEGREES AT 58 MPH...93 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...950 MB...28.06 INCHES

WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.

DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 900 PM GMT (2100 UTC), the center of Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin
was located near latitude 50.5 North, longitude 34.5 West. The
post-tropical cyclone is moving toward the north-northeast near 58
mph (93 km/h). A slower northward to north-northwestward motion is
expected tonight, followed by a much slower turn toward the east on
Friday. An eastward to east-southeastward motion is then
anticipated into the weekend.

Maximum sustained winds are near 80 mph (130 km/h) with higher
gusts. Martin's peak sustained winds will slowly decrease over the
next few days, but it will continue to produce strong winds over a
very large area well into the weekend.

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 70 miles (110 km) from
the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 520
miles (835 km).

The estimated minimum central pressure is 950 mb (28.06 inches).

HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
SURF: Swells generated by post-tropical Martin will likely spread
across a large portion of the high-latitude North Atlantic basin,
affecting portions of Atlantic Canada, the Azores, and the Atlantic
coast of Europe by the weekend. These swells are likely to cause
life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult
products from your local weather office.

NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
This is the last public advisory issued by the National Hurricane
Center on this system. Additional information on this system can be
found in High Seas Forecasts issued by the National Weather Service,
Meteo France, and the UK Met Office. National Weather Service
forecasts are available under AWIPS header NFDHSFAT1, WMO header
FZNT01 KWBC, and online at ocean.weather.gov/shtml/NFDHSFAT1.php
High Seas Forecasts issued by Meteo France can be found under WMO
header FQNT50 LFPW and are available on the web at
www.meteofrance.com/previsions-meteo-marine/bulletin/grandlarge/
metarea2. High Seas Forecasts issued by the UK Met Office can be
found under WMO header FQNT21 EGRR and on the web at
metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea/high-
seas-forecast/.

$$
Forecaster D. Zelinsky

NHC Forecast Advisory on Alex

Thu, 03 Nov 2022 20:32:27 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone MARTIN Forecast/Adv... - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone MARTIN Forecast/Advisory Number 10 NWS NATIONAL Hurricane CENTER MIAMI FL AL162022 2100 UTC THU NOV 03 2022 THERE ARE NO COASTAL WATCHES OR WARNINGS IN EFFECT. POST-TROPICAL Cyclone CENTER LOCATED NEAR 50.5N 34.5W AT 03/2100Z POSITION ACCURATE WITHIN 30 NM PRESENT MOVEMENT TOWARD THE NORTH-NORTHEAST OR 20 DEGREES AT 50 KT ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE 950 MB MAX SUSTAINED WINDS 70 KT WITH GUSTS TO 85 KT. 64 KT....... 50NE 60SE 50SW 30NW. 50 KT.......150NE 150SE 150SW 150NW. 34 KT.......300NE 350SE 450SW 450NW. 12 FT SEAS..300NE 600SE 840SW 360NW. WINDS AND SEAS VARY GREATLY IN EACH QUADRANT. RADII IN NAUTICAL MILES ARE THE LARGEST RADII EXPECTED ANYWHERE IN THAT QUADRANT. REPEAT...CENTER LOCATED NEAR 50.5N 34.5W AT 03/2100Z AT 03/1800Z CENTER WAS LOCATED NEAR 49.0N 35.0W FORECAST VALID 04/0600Z 55.0N 35.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 70 KT...GUSTS 85 KT. 64 KT... 50NE 60SE 50SW 0NW. 50 KT...130NE 150SE 150SW 130NW. 34 KT...350NE 400SE 450SW 450NW. FORECAST VALID 04/1800Z 56.5N 35.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 60 KT...GUSTS 75 KT. 50 KT...110NE 140SE 120SW 90NW. 34 KT...350NE 400SE 450SW 350NW. FORECAST VALID 05/0600Z 56.5N 31.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 55 KT...GUSTS 65 KT. 50 KT... 60NE 100SE 100SW 60NW. 34 KT...200NE 400SE 450SW 300NW. FORECAST VALID 05/1800Z 55.5N 25.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT. 50 KT... 0NE 80SE 80SW 0NW. 34 KT... 0NE 350SE 350SW 300NW. FORECAST VALID 06/0600Z 55.0N 17.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP MAX WIND 45 KT...GUSTS 55 KT. 34 KT... 0NE 350SE 300SW 150NW. FORECAST VALID 06/1800Z...DISSIPATED REQUEST FOR 3 HOURLY SHIP REPORTS WITHIN 300 MILES OF 50.5N 34.5W THIS IS THE LAST FORECAST/Advisory ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER ON THIS SYSTEM. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THIS SYSTEM CAN BE FOUND IN HIGH SEAS FORECASTS ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...UNDER AWIPS HEADER NFDHSFAT1 AND WMO HEADER FZNT01 KWBC. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN HIGH SEAS FORECASTS ISSUED BY METEO FRANCE...UNDER WMO HEADER FQNT50 LFPW...AND IN HIGH SEAS FORECASTS ISSUED BY THE UK MET OFFICE...UNDER WMO HEADER FQNT21 EGRR. $$ FORECASTER D. ZELINSKY

000
WTNT21 KNHC 032032
TCMAT1

POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE MARTIN FORECAST/ADVISORY NUMBER 10
NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL162022
2100 UTC THU NOV 03 2022

THERE ARE NO COASTAL WATCHES OR WARNINGS IN EFFECT.

POST-TROPICAL CYCLONE CENTER LOCATED NEAR 50.5N 34.5W AT 03/2100Z
POSITION ACCURATE WITHIN 30 NM

PRESENT MOVEMENT TOWARD THE NORTH-NORTHEAST OR 20 DEGREES AT 50 KT

ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE 950 MB
MAX SUSTAINED WINDS 70 KT WITH GUSTS TO 85 KT.
64 KT....... 50NE 60SE 50SW 30NW.
50 KT.......150NE 150SE 150SW 150NW.
34 KT.......300NE 350SE 450SW 450NW.
12 FT SEAS..300NE 600SE 840SW 360NW.
WINDS AND SEAS VARY GREATLY IN EACH QUADRANT. RADII IN NAUTICAL
MILES ARE THE LARGEST RADII EXPECTED ANYWHERE IN THAT QUADRANT.

REPEAT...CENTER LOCATED NEAR 50.5N 34.5W AT 03/2100Z
AT 03/1800Z CENTER WAS LOCATED NEAR 49.0N 35.0W

FORECAST VALID 04/0600Z 55.0N 35.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 70 KT...GUSTS 85 KT.
64 KT... 50NE 60SE 50SW 0NW.
50 KT...130NE 150SE 150SW 130NW.
34 KT...350NE 400SE 450SW 450NW.

FORECAST VALID 04/1800Z 56.5N 35.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 60 KT...GUSTS 75 KT.
50 KT...110NE 140SE 120SW 90NW.
34 KT...350NE 400SE 450SW 350NW.

FORECAST VALID 05/0600Z 56.5N 31.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 55 KT...GUSTS 65 KT.
50 KT... 60NE 100SE 100SW 60NW.
34 KT...200NE 400SE 450SW 300NW.

FORECAST VALID 05/1800Z 55.5N 25.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 50 KT...GUSTS 60 KT.
50 KT... 0NE 80SE 80SW 0NW.
34 KT... 0NE 350SE 350SW 300NW.

FORECAST VALID 06/0600Z 55.0N 17.0W...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
MAX WIND 45 KT...GUSTS 55 KT.
34 KT... 0NE 350SE 300SW 150NW.

FORECAST VALID 06/1800Z...DISSIPATED

REQUEST FOR 3 HOURLY SHIP REPORTS WITHIN 300 MILES OF 50.5N 34.5W

THIS IS THE LAST FORECAST/ADVISORY ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE
CENTER ON THIS SYSTEM. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THIS SYSTEM CAN BE
FOUND IN HIGH SEAS FORECASTS ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE...UNDER AWIPS HEADER NFDHSFAT1 AND WMO HEADER FZNT01 KWBC.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN HIGH SEAS FORECASTS
ISSUED BY METEO FRANCE...UNDER WMO HEADER FQNT50 LFPW...AND IN HIGH
SEAS FORECASTS ISSUED BY THE UK MET OFFICE...UNDER WMO HEADER FQNT21
EGRR.

$$
FORECASTER D. ZELINSKY

NHC Discussion on Alex

Thu, 03 Nov 2022 20:33:54 +0000: Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Discussion Number 10 - Atlantic Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Discussion Number 10

000
WTNT41 KNHC 032033
TCDAT1

Post-Tropical Cyclone Martin Discussion Number 10
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL162022
900 PM GMT Thu Nov 03 2022

ASCAT-C data that was not available until after the issuance of the
last advisory, but was valid at 1317 UTC, showed that Martin likely
became frontal earlier today and the system no longer has a
well-defined circulation. In addition, both TAFB and SAB evaluated
the system as extratropical at 1800 UTC. Therefore, Martin is now
classified as post-tropical and this will be the last NHC advisory.

While Martin does not currently appear to have a well-defined
center, the powerful post-tropical cyclone is expected to redevelop
a well-defined center as it occludes over the next 12 to 24 h.
Martin is moving at a remarkable clip of 50 kt, but should begin to
slow down soon and turn north-northwestward during the next few
hours. After that, the cyclone is forecast to move relatively slowly
on Friday before picking up speed toward the east-southeast or east
through the early weekend. Martin's maximum winds are still forecast
to slowly decrease over the next few days, however the combination
of Martin and other non-tropical low pressure systems are still
expected to produce hazardous wind and seas over a very wide area of
the North Atlantic for the next couple of days.

Additional information on marine hazards can be found in High Seas
Forecasts issued by the National Weather Service, the UK Met
Office, and Meteo France. Links to each product are provided below.

* National Weather Service: AWIPS Header NFDHSFAT1, WMO header
FZNT01 KWPC, and online at ocean.weather.gov/shtml/NFDHSFAT1.php
* UK Met Office: WMO header FQNT21 EGRR and online at
www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea/high
-seas-forecast/
* Meteo France: WMO header FQNT50 LFPW and online at
www.meteofrance.com/previsions-meteo-marine/bulletin/grandlarge/
metarea2.

FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS

INIT 03/2100Z 50.5N 34.5W 70 KT 80 MPH...POST-TROPICAL
12H 04/0600Z 55.0N 35.0W 70 KT 80 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
24H 04/1800Z 56.5N 35.0W 60 KT 70 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
36H 05/0600Z 56.5N 31.0W 55 KT 65 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
48H 05/1800Z 55.5N 25.0W 50 KT 60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
60H 06/0600Z 55.0N 17.0W 45 KT 50 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP
72H 06/1800Z...DISSIPATED

$$
Forecaster D. Zelinsky

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